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This paper explores the application of atmospheric pressure plasma technology as an emerging method in the field of water treatment. Specifically, the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and corona discharge methods are employed for water purification, with a focus on characterizing different species present in both untreated and treated water samples. The results indicate the generation of various reactive species following the atmospheric pressure plasma processes, notably including reactive oxygen and hydrogen species such as nitrate, nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone. Throughout the experimentation, it is noted that there are no significant alterations in pH values, while there is an increase in nitrate, nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, and electrical conductivity. Here effect of various electrode materials are also studied. Three electrodes were used for experimentation which are copper, steel and brass. This augmentation of reactive species opens up diverse applications for plasma-activated water, including but not limited to agriculture, water disinfection, purification, and desalination. Notably, corona discharge generated more reactive species compared to the DBD method.

Crankshaft is the one of the most important components in internal combustion engines, it converts the translation motion of piston generated due to gas force into rotational moment of engine shaft though oscillatory motion of connecting rod. It mostly experiences the bending and torsional moment. The present research is focused on investigation of alternative material for crankshafts. Material EN19 is considered in this study and strength performance is verified under different operating conditions. Analytical design calculations, 3D modelling and analysis of EN19 crankshaft is carried out under maximum bending moment and maximum torque. 3D modeling and analysis was done in Creo parametric software and Ansys respectively. The compressive stresses, Von-Mises stresses, shear stresses and deformation in crankshaft are found to be within the permissible limits. Result shows cost effective material EN19 can be used as one of the alternative materials for crankshaft as it satisfies the all-strength requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present work, plastic zone size and shapes are investigated to predict failure of hip implant materials Ti6Al4V and SS316L (titanium and stainless steel, respectively). Generally, they fracture due to crack propagation in presence of wear which initiates the crack. Plastic zone analysis of SS316L and Ti6Al4V are carried out under standard fracture modes of failure that are first and mixed mode (tensile and shear loading). Crack inclination angle is one of the important parameters to simulate mixed-mode loading conditions. Analytical formulations of plastic zone analysis validated by finite element modeling based on von-Mises criteria. Further, isolines are plotted which explains the variation of plastic zone and geometry near the crack tip. Results obtained under plane strain and plane stress conditions through analytical formulations are in close relevance with FEM. Finally, it is observed that SS316L has large plastic zone which results in slower crack propagation and better life as compared to Ti6Al4V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two simple, accurate and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide (Hctz), Atenolol (Atn) and Losartan potassium (Los) in combined tablet dosage forms. The first method involves determination using the simultaneous equation method, the sampling wavelengths selected are, 272.5 nm, 224 nm and 250 nm over the concentration ranges of 0.5-30 microg/ml, 1-50 microg/ ml and 1-60 microg/ml for Hctz, Atn and Los respectively. The second method is the First order derivative method, the sampling wavelengths selected for estimation of Hctz, Atn and Los are 280.5 nm, 233 nm and 244 nm with linearity in the concentration ranges of 0.5-30 microg/ ml, 1-50 microg/ml and 1-60 microg/ml respectively. The results of the analysis were validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines.